Criação constitucional sem poder constituinte : os limites conceituas do poder para substituir o revisar a constituição

Carlos Bernal Pulido

Abstract


O presente artigo expõe argumentos contrários à tese de que o poder de criação de uma constituição deve ser entendido como o poder constituinte, em sua acepção de poder fundacional, ilimitado e soberano. Uma análise conceitual do poder para substituir ou revisar a constituição mostra que esse entendimento é incorreto. Em seu lugar, o artigo avança uma concepção sócio ontológica do poder para substituir ou revisar uma constituição escrita, como um poder deôntico limitado, cujos titulares são os representantes políticos dos cidadãos, a quem a coletividade reconhece o status de criadores constitucionais e cuja função é institucionalizar o constitucionalismo. Esta concepção propõe um enfoque mais claro para compreender o poder de criação da constituição e para avaliar a legitimidade de seu exercício

Keywords


Criação da Constituição; Poder Constituinte; Alteração Constitucional; Substituição da Constituição; Revisão Constitucional e Emenda Constitucional

References


ACKERMAN, B. We the People: Transformations. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2000.

AGAMBEN, G. Homo Sacer. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.

ALBERT, R. Nonconstitutional Amendments. Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, v. 22, n. 1, 2009.

ALBERT, R. The Cult of Constitutionalism. Florida State University Law Review, v. 39, 2012.

ALBERT, R. Constitutional Amendment by Constitutional Desuetude. American Journal of Comparative Law, v. 62, 2014.

ALBERT, R. Amendment and Revision in the Unmaking of Constitutions. In: LANDAU, D.; LERNER, H. Handbook on Comparative Constitution-Making. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2017. Disponível em: Acesso em 13 de fevereiro de 2017

ALBERT, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. The Yale Journal of International Law, v. 43, n. 1, 2018.

ALEXY, R. A Theory of Constitutional Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

ALEXY, R. On the Concept and the Nature of Law. Ratio Juris, v. 21, n. 3, 2008.

ANDERSON, G. W. Societal Constitutionalism, Social Movements, and Constitutionalism from Below. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, v. 20, n. 2, 2013.

ARATO, A. Post Sovereign Constitution Making. Learning and Legitimacy. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2016.

ARATO, J. Treaty Interpretation and Constitutional Transformation: Informal Change in International Organizations. Yale Journal of International Law, v. 38, 2013.

ATRIA, F. Sobre la soberanía y lo político. Derecho y humanidades. v. 12, 2006.

AUSTIN, J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

AUSTIN, J. How to do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.

AYALA CORAO, C. M. Venezuela: De la constituyente de 1999 a la reforma constitucional de 2007. In: GARZA, J. M. (Ed.). Procesos constituyentes contemporáneos en América Latina. Tendencias y Perspectivas. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2009.

BANKS, A. M. Expanding Participation in Constitution Making: Challenges and Opportunities. William & Mary Law Review, v. 46, 2008.

BARAK, A. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments. Israeli Law Review, v. 44, 2011.

BERNAL, C. Unconstitutional constitutional amendments in the case study of Colombia: An analysis of the justification and meaning of the constitutional replacement doctrine. International Journal of Constitutional Law, v. 11, n. 2, 2013.

BERNAL, C. Informal Constitutional Change. American Journal of Comparative Law, v. 62, 2014.

BERNAL, C. How Constitutional Crowddrafting can enhance Legitimacy in Constitution-Making?. In: LANDAU, D.; LERNER, H. (Edits.). Handbook on Comparative Constitution-Making. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2017.

BÖCKENFÖRDE, E.W. Die verfassunggebende Gewalt des Volkes. Ein Grenzbegriff des Verfassungsrechts. In: BÖCKENFÖRDE, E.W. Demokratie: Studien zur Verfassungstheorie und zum Verfassungsrecht. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1991.

BODIN, J. Les six livres de la République . París: Librairie générale française, 1993.

BOISVERT, D., & LUDWIG, K. Semantic for Nondeclaratives. In: LEPORE, E.; SMITH, B. C. (Edits.). The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

BRAMFORTH, N.; LEYLAND, P. Introduction: Accountability in the Contemporary Constitution. In: BRAMFORTH, N.; LEYLAND, P. (Edits.), Accountability in the Contemporary Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

BRATMAN, M. Faces of Intention: Selected Essays on Intention and Agency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

BRATMAN, M. Shared Agency. A Planning Theory of Acting Together. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

BREWER-CARÍAS, A. R. La configuración judicial del proceso constituyente o de cómo el guardián de la Constitución abrió el camino para su violación y para su propia extinción. Revista de Derecho Público, n. 78-80, 1999.

BREWER-CARÍAS, A. R. Poder Constituyente Originario y Asamblea Nacional Constituyente. Caracas: Editorial Jurídica Venezolana, 1999.

BREWER-CARÍAS, A. R. Dismatling Democracy in Venezuela. The Chávez Authoritarian Experiment . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

BROWN, M. B. Expertise and Deliberative Democracy. Stephen Elstub y Peter McLaverty, Deliberative Democracy. Issues and Cases. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014.

COLÓN-RÍOS, J. I. The Legitimacy of the Juridical: Constituent Power, Democracy, and the Limits of Constitutional Reform. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, v. 48, n. 2, 2010.

COLÓN-RIOS, J. I. Carl Schmitt and Constituent Power in Latin American Courts: The Cases of Venezuela and Colombia. Constellations, v. 18, n. 3, 2011.

COLÓN-RÍOS, J. I. Weak Constitutionalism. Democratic legitimacy and the question of constituent power. Londres y Nueva York: Routledge, 2012.

COLÓN-RÍOS, J. I. Five Conceptions of Constituent Power. Law Quarterly Review, v. 130, 2014.

COLÓN-RÍOS, J. I. Rousseau, Theorist of Constituent Power. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 2016.

CONTIADES, X. Engineering Constitutional Change: A Comparative Perspective on Europe, Canada and the USA. Londres: Routledg, 2012.

CONTIADES, X.; FOTIADOU, A. Participatory Constitutional Change. The People as Amenders of the Constitution . Londres: Routledge, 2017.

CRISAFULLI, V. Disposizione (e norma), XIII Enciclopedia del Diritto, 1964.

CRISTI, R. The Metaphysics of Constituent Power: Schmitt and the Genesis of Chile’s 1980 Constitution. Cardozo Law Review, v. 21, 1999-2000.

CRISTI, Renato. The Metaphysics of Constituent Power: Schmitt and the Genesis of Chile’s 1980 Constitution. Cardozo Law Review, v. 21, n. 5-6, 2000.

DAVIES, A. C. The Public Law of Government Contracts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

DIETER, G. The Twilight of Constitutionalism? In: DOBNER, P.; LOUGHLIN, M. (Edits.).The Achievement of Constitutionalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

DIXON, R.; LANDAU, D. Constraining Constitutional Change. Wake Forest Law Review, v. 50, 2015.

DIXON, R.; LANDAU, D. Transnational Constitutionalism and a Limited Doctrine of Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendment. International Journal of Constitutional Law, v. 13, n. 3, 2015.

DURKHEIM, É. Le suicide. Étude de sociologie (1897). 2. ed. París: Les Presses Universitaires de France, 1967.

DWORKIN, R. Justice in Robes. Cambridge Mass: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 2006.

DWORKIN, R. Justice for Hedgehogs. Cambridge Mass.: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 2011.

DYZENHAUS, D. The Question of Constituent Power. In: LOUGHLIN, M.; WAIKER, N. (Edits.). The Paradox of Constitutionalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

DYZENHAUS, D. Constitutionalism in an old key: Legality and constituent power. Global Constitutionalism, v. 1, n. 2, 2012.

EISENSTADT, T. A.; LEVAN, A. C.; MABOUDI, T. When Talk Trumps Text: The Democratizing Effects of Deliberation during Constitution-Making, 1974–2011. American Political Science Review, v. 109, n. 3, 2015.

ELKINS, Z.; GINSBURG, T.; MELTON, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

FERRER BELTRÁN, J.; MORESO, J. J.; PAPAYANNIS, D. M. Neutrality and Theory of Law. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.

GALLIGAN, D. J. The People, the Constitution, and the Idea of Representation. In: GALLIGAN, D. J.; VERSTEEG, M. (Edits.), Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

GALLIGAN, D. J.; VERSTEEG, M. Theoretical Perspectives on the Social Foundations of Constitutions. In: GALLIGAN, D. J.; VERSTEEG, M. (Edits.), Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2013.

GILBERT, M. On Social Facts. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

GILBERT, M. Living Together. Rationality, Sociality and Obligation. Nova York e Londres: Lahman, Boulder, 1996.

GILBERT, M. Sociality and Responsibility: New Essays in Plural Subject Theory. Minneapolis: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000.

HARDIN, R. Liberalism, Constitutionalism and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

HARDIN, R. Why a Constitution? In: GALLIGAN, D. J.; VERSTEEG, M. (Edits.). Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

HART, H. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

HAYEK, F. A. The Constitution of Liberty. Londres e Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976.

HERNÁNDEZ, J. A. La Constitución de Colombia de 1991 y sus enemigos. El fracaso del consenso constitucional. Colombia Internacional, v. 79, 2013.

HIMMA, K. E. Reconsidering a Dogma: Conceptual Analysis, the Naturalistic Turn, and Legal Philosophy. In: FREEMAN, Michael; HARRISON, Ross (eds.). Law and Philosophy. Current Legal Issues. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

HIRSCHL, R. The Strategic Foundations of Constitutions. In: GALLIGAN, D.; VERSTEEG, M. (Edits.). Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions. Cambrige: Cambrige University Press, 2013.

HOHFELD, N. Fundamental Legal Conceptions, As Applied in Judicial Reasoning. Nueva Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, 2010.

HUTCHINSON, A.; COLÓN-RÍOS, J. I. Constituciones Duraderas – Una Crítica Democrática. Anuario de Derecho Público, ed. 1, 2011.

KALYVAS, A. Popular Sovereignty, Democracy, and the Constituent Power. Constellations, v. 12, n. 2, 2005.

KALYVAS, A. Constituent Power. Political Concepts: A Critical Lexicon. Disponível em: Acesso em 20 de fev. de 2018

KANT, I. On the Common Saying: ‘This May be True in Theory, but it does not Apply in Practice’. In: REISS, H. (Ed.). Kant: Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

KHOSLA, M. Constitutional Amendment. In: CHOUDHRY, S.; KHOSLA M.; BHANU MEHTA, P. (Edits.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

KING, P. Neo-Bolivarian Constitutional Design: Comparing the 1999 Venezuelan, 2008 Ecuadorian, and 2009 Bolivian Constitutions. In: GALLIGAN, D. J.; VERSTEEG, M. (Edits.), Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions. Cambrige: Cambrige University Press, 2013.

KIRK, L. The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality. Londres e Nova York: Routledg, 2017.

KLEIN, C.; SAJÓ, A. Constitution-Making: Process and Substance. In: M. ROSENFELD; SAJÓ, A. (Edits.). The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

KRISHNASWAMY, S. Democracy and Constitutionalism in India: A Study of the Basic Structure Doctrine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

KUMM, M. Constituent power, cosmopolitan constitutionalism, and post-positivist law. International Journal of Constitutional Law, v. 14, n. 3, 2016.

LANDAU, D. The Importance of Constitution-Making. Denver University Law Review, v. 89, n. 3, 2011-2012.

LANDAU, D. Constitution-Making gone wrong. Alabama Law Review, 2013.

LANDAU, D. Abusive Constitutionalism. University of California Davis Law Review, v. 47, 2013.

LAUTENBACH, G. The Concept of the Rule of Law and the European Court of Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

LINDAHL, H. Ontology of the Constituent Power. Constellations, v. 22, n. 2, 2015.

LOCKE, J. Two Treatises of Government: Book II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

LOUGHLIN, M. Constituent Power Subverted: From English Constitutional Argument to British Constitutional Practice. In: LOUGHLIN, M.; WAIKER, N. The Paradox of Constitutionalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

LOUGHLIN, M. What is Constitutionalisation?. In: DOBNER, P.; LOUGHLIN, M. (Edits.), The Twilight of Constitutionalism? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

LOUGHLIN, M. Foundations of Public Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

LOUGHLIN, M. Why Sovereignty?. In: RAWLINGS, R.; LEYLAND, P.; YOUNG, A. L. Sovereingy and the Law. Domestic, European, and International Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

LOUGHLIN, M. The Concept of Constituent Power. European Journal of Political Theory, v. 13, n. 2, 2014.

LOUGHLIN, M.; WAIKER, N. Introduction. In: LOUGHLIN, M.; WAIKER, N. The Paradox of Constitutionalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

LUDWIG, K. Proxy Agency in Collective Action. Noûs, v. 48, n. 1, 2013.

LUDWIG, Understanding Collective Action, manuscrito sem publicar, 2016

EZCURDIA, Maite. The Concept-Conception Distinction. Philosophical Issues, v. 9, 1998.

MARMOR, A. Legal Positivism: Still Descriptive and Morally Neutral. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, v. 26, n. 4, 2006

MILLER, L. E. Framing the State in Times of Transition: Case Studies in Constitution Making. Washington: United States Institute of Peace, 2010.

MILLER, S. Social Action: A Teleological Account. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

NATALE, A. A. La reforma constitucional argentina de 1994. Cuestiones constitucionales, n. 2, 2000.

NEGRETTO, G. Replacing and Amending Constitutions: The Logic of Constitutional Change in Latin America. Law and Society Review, v. 46, n. 4, 2012.

NEGRETTO, G. L. Authoritarian Constitution Making. The Role of the Military in Latin America. In: GINSBURG, T.; SIMPSER, A. Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

NEGRI, A. Insurgencies. Constituent Power and the Modern State. Minneapolis e Londres: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

NINO, C. S. El concepto de poder constituyente originario y la justificación jurídica. In: BULYGIN, E.; FARRELL, M. D.; NINO C. S., RABOSSI, E. El lenguaje del derecho: homenaje a Genaro R. Carrió. Buenos Aires: Abeledo-Perrot, 1983.

O'DONOGHUE, A. Constitutionalism in Global Constitutionalisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

OKLOPCIC, Z. Three arenas of struggle: A contextual approach to the constituent power of ‘the people’. Global Constitutionalism, v. 3, n. 2, 2015.

OKOTH-OGENDO, H. Constitutions Without Constitutionalism: An African Paradox. In: GREENBERG, D.; KATZ, S. N.; WHEATLEY, S. C.; OLIVIERO, M. B. (Edits.), Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

PARLETT, W. The Dangers of Popular Constitutional Making. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, v. 38, n. 1, 2012.

RAMÍREZ CLEVES, G. A. Límites de la reforma constitucional en Colombia: el concepto de constitución como fundamento de la restricción. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2005.

RAMÍREZ CLEVES, G. A. El control material de las reformas constitucionales mediante acto legislativo a partir de la jurisprudencia establecida en la Sentencia C-551 de 2003. Revista de Derecho del Estado, n. 18, 2006.

RAZ, J. Can There Be a Theory of Law?. In: GOLDING, M. P.; EDMUNDSON, W. A. The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.

REINER, G. Models of Institutional Control: The Experience of Islamic Countries. In: GROTE, R.; RÖDER, T. (Edits.). Constitucionalism in islamic countries: Between upheaval and continuity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

RÖDER, T. J. The Separation of Powers in Muslim Countries: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. In: GROTE, R.; RÖDER, T. J. (Edits.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries. Between Upheaval and Continuity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

ROSS, A. On Law and Justice. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.

ROSS, A. On Self-Reference and a Puzzle in Constitutional Law. Mind, v. 78, n. 309, 1969.

ROUGHAN, N. Authorities. Conflicts, Cooperation and Transnational Legal Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

ROZNAI, Y. The Theory and Practice of ‘Supra-Constitutional’ Limits on Constitutional-Amendments. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, v. 62, n. 3, 2013.

ROZNAI, Y. The Spectrum of Constitutional Amendment Powers, In: ALBERT, R.; Xenophon Contiades y Alkmene Fotiadou, The Foundations and Traditions of Constitutional Amendment. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2017.

SAUNDERS, C. Separation of Powers and the Judicial Branch. Judicial Review, v. 11, n. 4, 2006.

SCHMITT, C. Verfassungslehre. 5. ed. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1970.

SEARLE, J. Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.

SEARLE, J. The Construction of Social Reality. Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

SEARLE, J. What is an Institution? Journal of Institutional Economics, v. 1, n. 1,2005.

SEARLE, J. Making the Social World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

SEARLE, J.; VANDERVEKEN, D. Foundations of Illocutionary Logic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

SELZNICK, P. American Society and the Rule of Law. Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, v. 33, 2005.

Sentencia 138, 9 de noviembre (Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia 1990).

SHAPIRO, S. Legality. Cambridge Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.

SHAPIRO, S. Authority. In: SHAPIRO, S.; COLEMAN, J. (Edits.), The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

SHOR, M. The Once and Future Democracy: Argentina at the Bar of Constitutionalism. In: GALLIGAN, D. J.; VERSTEEG, M. (Edits.). Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

SIEYÈS, E.-J. Qu'est-ce que le Tiers-Etat? París: Pagnerre: Pagnerre, 1839.

SOTO BARRIENTOS, F. Asamblea Constituyente: La experiencia latinoamericana y el actual debate en Chile. Estudios Constitucionales, v. 12, n. 1, 2014.

STACEY, R. Constituent Power and Carl Schmitt’s Theory of Constitution in Kenya’s Constitution-Making Process. International Journal of Constitutional Law , v. 9, n. 3-4, 2011.

STONE, A. Australia's Constitutional Rights and the Problem of Interpretive Disagreement. Sydney Law Review, v. 27, 2005.

TAMANAHA, B. On the Rule of Law. History, Politics, Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

THIO, L.A. Constitutionalism in Illiberal Polities. In: ROSENFELD, M.; SAJÓ, A. (Edits.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

TUOMELA, R. The Philosophy of Social Practices: A Collective Acceptance View. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

TUOMELA, R. The Philosophy of Sociality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

TURNER, C. Transitional Constitutionalism and the Case of the Arab Spring. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, v. 64, n. 2, 2015.

TUSHNET, M. Authoritarian Constitutionalism. Some Conceptual Issues, in: GINSBURG, T.; SIMPSER, A. Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

TUSHNET, M. Peasants with pitchforks, and toilers with Twitter: Constitutional revolutions and the constituent power. International Journal of Constitutional Law, v. 13, n. 3, 2015.

VENEZUELA, Suprema Corte. Sentença nº 17 .Data de julgamento: janeiro de 1999. SUPREMA CORTE DA VENEZUELA. Vicepresidente del Congreso de la Republica vs Asamblea (Decreto 25-8-99). Data de Julgamento: 14 out. 1999.

VENN, A. Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. Londres: Macmillan, 1939.

WALDRON, J. Constitutionalism – A Skeptical View. In: CHRISTIANO, T.; CHRISTMAN, J. (Edits.), Contemporary debates in political philosophy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

WALDRON, J. A Rights-Based Critique of Constitutional Rights. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, v. 13, n. 1, 1993.

WALKER, G. The Idea of Nonliberal Constitutionalism. In: SHAPIRO, I.; KYMLICKA, W. (Edits.), Ethnicity and Group Rights. Nueva York: NYU Press, 1997.

ZACHARY ELKINS, T. G; BLOUNT, J. Does the Process of Constitution-Making Matter? Annual Review of Law and Social Science, v. 5, n. 5, 2009.

ZHANG, Q. A constitution without constitutionalism? The paths of constitutional development in China. International Journal of Constitutional Law, v. 8, n. 4, 2010.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5102/rbpp.v9i2.6124

ISSN 2179-8338 (impresso) - ISSN 2236-1677 (on-line)

Desenvolvido por:

Logomarca da Lepidus Tecnologia