Os mecanismos de indução ao cumprimento no âmbito da OMC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v11i2.3141Keywords:
Mecanismos de indução ao cumprimento, Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio (GATT), Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), Países desenvolvidos, em desenvolvimento e de menor desenvolvimento relativo.Abstract
O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar os mecanismos de indução ao cumprimento no âmbito da OMC. Primeiramente, contextualizamos, política e juridicamente, a questão da implementação das regras e decisões da OMC. Em seguida, examinamos os fatores que influenciam o descumprimento das regras e das decisões da OMC pelos países desenvolvidos, em desenvolvimento e de menor desenvolvimento relativo. Adiante, destacamos as formas de descumprimento das regras e das decisões da OMC e analisamos dados e estatísticas do sistema. Por fim, propomos mudanças para o aprimoramento do cumprimento das decisões da OMC. Concluímos que a questão da conformidade é central para o funcionamento das instituições internacionais, com a OMC na vanguarda. A eficácia do regime jurídico da OMC depende da sua capacidade de indução ao cumprimento das decisões dos painéis e do órgão de apelação. Hoje, a solução de litígios comerciais internacionais é tanto o resultado de ingerências políticas quanto de um verdadeiro interesse em aprimorar as condições do comércio internacional. Destarte, é fundamental perscrutarmos em que extensão os atuais níveis de descumprimento das obrigações comerciais podem constituir uma ameaça a um regime jurídico relativamente bem organizado, e até agora, em parte, efetivo; ou, ao contrário, são necessários para a sua operação contínua em um sistema de comércio multilateral marcado por acentuadas assimetrias de poder.References
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