International humanitarian law and the emergence of cyberwar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5102/rdi.v9i2.1755Keywords:
Direito Internacional Humanitário, Ciberguerra, SegurançaAbstract
In International Humanitarian Law and the Emergence of Cyberwar, the author analyzes the challenges posed by cyberattack and cyberconfl icts to the International Humanitarian Law that currently exists. Th us, the main purpose of the paper is to present a state of the art in the fi eld of international legal regulation of cyberwar. Th e aim is also to address the conceptualization of cyberwar from a strategic and security perspective, then to examine at what extent the regulation of IHL should be applied. Th e article contains a brief review of the literature, especially of the American approach to the subject, where we can fi nd the legal analysis more advanced. Th e conclusion is that despite being clear that we are not facing a legal vacuum the application of the IHL is not without diffi culties. Perhaps the most notorious is the attribution of responsibility in a cyberattack.References
ARQUILLA, John; RONFELDT, David (Ed.). Cyberwar
is Coming! In: Athena’s Camp: preparing for confl ict
in the information age. Santa Monica: Rand Corp,
(Reedição do artigo originalmente publicado na
Comparative Strategy, v. 12, n. 2, 1993).
ARQUILLA, John; RONFELDT, David (Ed.). Networks
and netwars: the future of terror, crime, and militancy.
Santa Monica: Rand Corp, 2002.
CASTELLS, Manuel. A sociedade em rede. Lisboa:
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2002. v. 1
COMITÉ INTERNACIONAL DA CRUZ VERMELHA.
As Convenções de Genebra de 1949 e seus Protocolos
Adicionais. Disponível em: <http://www.icrc.org/
por/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/genevaconventions/
index.jsp>. Acesso em: 8 nov. 2011.
DEYRA, Michel. Direito Internacional Humanitário.
Lisboa: Procuradoria-Geral da República/Gabinete de
Documentação e Direito Comparado, 2001.
DROEGE, Cordula. No legal vacuum in cyber
space. Disponível em: <http://www.icrc.org/eng/
resources/documents/interview/2011/cyber-warfareinterview-
-08-16.htm>. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2011.
DURANT, Henry. A memory of Solferino. Genebra:
International Committee of the Red Cross, 1986.
Disponível em: <http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/
documents/publication/p0361.htm>. Acesso em: 07 nov.
EASTWEST INSTITUTE. Working towards rules for
governing cyber confl ict: rendering the Geneva and hague
conventions in cyberspace. Nova Iorque: Th e EastWest
Institute, 2011.
FERNANDES, Paulo Jorge. 1928 – Pacto Briand-Kellog:
a Europa da utopia. Janus 2008. Disponível em:
www.janusonline.pt/2008/2008_2_8.html>. Acesso em:
nov. 2011.
GRAHAM, David. Cyber threats and the law of war.
Journal of National Security Law and Policy, v. 4, n. 1,
p.88-89, mês? 2010.
KOLB, Robert; HYDE, Richard. An introduction to the
international law of armed confl icts. Oxford-Portland:
Hart Publishing, 2008.
LEWIS, James. A note on the laws of war in cyberspace.
Disponível em: <http://csis.org/publication/note-lawswar-
cyberspace>. Acesso em: 6 dez. 2011.
SASSÒLI, Marco; BOUVIER, Antoine; QUINTIN, Anne.
How does law protect in war? Outline of International
Humanitarian Law. 3. ed. Genebra: International
Committee of the Red Cross, 2001. v. 1 Disponível
em: <http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/
publication/p0739.htm>. Acesso em: 7 nov. 2011.
SCHMITT, Michael. Computer network attack and the
use of force in international law: thoughts on a normative
framework. Research Publication 1: Information series,
Disponível em: <http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/gett
rdoc?location=u2&doc=gettrdoc.pdf&ad=ada471993>.
Acesso em: 5 dez. 2011.
SINKS, Michael. Cyber warfare and international law.
Maxwell: Air Command and Staff College/Air University,
(Research report submitted to the faculty in partial
fulfi llment of the graduation requirements)
SOMMER, Peter; BROWN, Ian. Reducing systemic
cybersecurity risk (Project on “Future Global Shocks”).
Paris: OECD/IFP-International Future Program
Department, 2011. Disponível em: < http://www.oecd.
org/dataoecd/3/42/46894657.pdf>. Acesso em: 1 nov.
SKLEROV, Matthew. Solving the dilemma of state
responses to cyberattacks: a justifi cation for the use of
active defenses against states which neglect their duty
to prevent. Military Law Revue, v. 201, p. 1-85, 2009.
Disponível em: <http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_
Law/Military_Law_Review/pdf-files/201-fall-2009.
pdf>>. Acesso em: 08 nov. 2011.
PICTET, Jean (Ed.). Commentary on the Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949. Geneva: International
Committee of the Red Cross, 1958. (IV Relative to
Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War).
TIKK, Eneken; TALIHÄRM, Anna-Maria. International
cyber security: legal e policy considerations. Tallinn:
CCDCOE Publications, 2010.
TIKK, Eneken; KASKA, Kadri; VIHUL, Liis. International
cyber incidents: legal considerations. Tallin: CCDCOE
Publications, 2010.
ZIPPELIUS, Reinhold. Filosofi a do direito. Lisboa: Quid
Juris, 2010.
WATTS, Sean. Combatant status and computer network
attack. Virginia Journal of International Law, v. 50, n. 2,
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

Brazilian Journal of International Law de Uniceub est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
Fondé(e) sur une œuvre à http://www.publicacoesacademicas.uniceub.br/