“Let the algorithm decide”: is human dignity at stake?
Resumo
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
PDF (English)Referências
AGRAWAL, A.; GANS, J. and GOLDFARB, A. Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence. Harvard Business Press, April 17, 2018.
AL-ARSHANI, S. The healthcare system in Italy's Lombardy region is so strained from the new coronavirus that officials are asking doctors to come out of retirement and nursing students are being fast-tracked to graduation. Business Insider. March 3, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
ANGWIN, J.; LARSON, J.; MATTU, S.; KIRCHNER, L. Machine Bias. ProPublica, May 23, 2016. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
ARKIN, R.; ULAM, P. and WAGNER, A. Moral Decision-making in Autonomous Systems: Enforcement, Moral Emotions, Dignity, Trust and Deception. Proceedings of the IEEE. Volume 100, Issue 3, March 2012. p. 571-589.
ASARO, P. On banning autonomous weapon systems: human rights, automation, and the dehumanization of lethal decision-making. International Review of the Red Cross. Volume 94, Issue 886, June 2012, p. 687709. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
BARKER, A. Those with disabilities have a right to survive the coronavirus pandemic. The Boston Globe. March 30, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 4, 2020.
BAROCAS, S. and SELBST, A. Big Data’s Disparate Impact. California Law Review. Volume 104, n° 3, June 2016. p. 671-732 Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
BURANYI, S. How to persuade a robot that you should get the job. The Guardian. March 4, 2018. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
BURT, A. and VOLCHENBOUM, S. How Health Care Changes When Algorithms Start Making Diagnoses. Harvard Business Review, May 08, 2018. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
BYGRAVE, L. Minding the Machine: Article 15 of the EC Data Protection Directive and Automated Profiling. Privacy Law & Policy Reporter, 2000, volume 7, p. 67–76.
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations. Available at: . Access: April 21, 2020.
CITRON, D. Technological Due Process. Washington University Law Review. Volume 85, Issue 6, 2008. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
COLLUCCI, C. Algoritmos e inteligência artificial podem ajudar Brasil a decidir sobre leitos de UTI. Folha de S.Paulo. March 24, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
CONGRESSO NACIONAL. Votação do dispositivo 24.19.001 - § 3º do art. 20 da Lei nº 13.709, de 14 de Agosto de 2018, com a redação dada pelo art. 2º do projeto. October 2, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE SAÚDE. Manual operacional para comitês de ética em pesquisa. 4. ed. Brasília: Editora do Ministério da Saúde, 2008. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
CORMEN, T. H., Algorithms Unlocked. MIT Press, 2013.
DAVIS, N. AI equal with human experts in medical diagnosis, study finds. The Guardian. September 24, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
DOMINGOS, P. Master Algorithm. Basic Books Inc. New York, 2018.
DOSHI-VELEZ, F. and KORTZ, M. Accountability of AI Under the Law: The Role of Explanation. Berkman Klein Center Working Group on Explanation and the Law, Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society working paper, 2017. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
EUBANKS, V. Automating Inequality: how high-tech tools profile, police and punish the poor. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2018.
EVANS, M and MATHEWS, A. New York Regulator Probes UnitedHealth Algorithm for Racial Bias. The Wall Street Journal. October 26, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION. Big Data, A Tool for Inclusion or Exclusion? – Understanding the Issues. January, 2016. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
FERGUSON, A. The rise of big data policing: surveillance, race, and the future of law enforcement. New York: New York University Press, 2017.
FERGUSON, N.; LAYDON, D. et al. Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand. Imperial College London. March 16, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
FERREIRA, F. Inteligência artificial atua como juiz, muda estratégia de advogado e 'promove' estagiário. Folha de S.Paulo. March 10, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
FINK, S. U.S. Civil Rights Office Rejects Rationing Medical Care Based on Disability, Age. The New York Times. March 28, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 4, 2020.
GARDBAUM, S. The ‘Horizontal Effect’ of Constitutional Rights. Michigan Law Review, vol. 102, 2003. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
GORZONI, P. Supremo Tribunal Federal e a Vinculação dos Direitos Fundamentais nas Relações entre Particulares. 2007. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
GUPTA, A. Are Algorithms Sexist? The New York Times. November 15, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
HARRIS, D. U.S. experiences with racial and ethnic profiling: history, current issues, and the future. Critical Criminology. Volume 14, Issue 3, September 2006. p. 213–239.
HARWELL, D. A face-scanning algorithm increasingly decides whether you deserve the job. The Washington Post. November 6, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
HOROWITZ, J.; KIRKPATRICK, D. Dip in Italy’s Cases Does Not Come Fast Enough for Swamped Hospitals. The New York Times. March 23, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
HORTA, R. Por que existem vieses cognitivos na Tomada de Decisão Judicial? A contribuição da Psicologia e das Neurociências para o debate jurídico. Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas. Volume 9, n° 3, Dec. 2019. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
HOW an algorithm may decide your career. The Economist. June 21, 2018. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
HUET, E. Server And Protect: Predictive Policing Firm PredPol Promises To Map Crime Before It Happens. Forbes. February 11, 2015. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PRIVACY PROFESSIONALS; THE UNITED NATIONS GLOBAL PULSE. Building Ethics into Privacy Frameworks for Big Data and AI. October 2018. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
KIEFER, S. Morte de pessoas fora da faixa de risco acende alerta para o H1N1. Estado de Minas. May 27, 2016. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
KLEINBERG, J.; MULLAINATHAN, S. Simplicity Creates Inequity: Implications for Fairness, Stereotypes, and Interpretability. arXiv Cornell University. Article n° 1809.04578v1 [cs.LG]. August 2018. Available at: < https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.04578v1>. Access: May 4, 2020.
KNIGHT, W. The Apple Card Didn't 'See' Gender — and That's the Problem. Wired. November 19, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
KNIGHT, W. The Dark Secret at the Heart of AI. MIT Technology Review. April 11, 2017. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
KROLL, J. et al. Accountable Algorithms. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Volume 165, Issue 3, 2017. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
MAYER-SCHÖNBERGER, V. and CUKIER, K. Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, Think. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.
MAYER-SCHÖNBERGER, V. and CUKIER, K. The Rise of Big Data: How It's Changing the Way We Think. Foreign Affairs, vol. 92, no. 3, May/June, 2013. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Vacinação contra a gripe: entenda se você faz parte do grupo prioritário. Blog da Saúde. May 3, 2016. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
MIOTTO, R.; LI, L.; KIDD, B.; DUDLEY, J. Deep Patient: An Unsupervised Representation to Predict the Future of Patients from the Electronic Health Records. Scientific Reports 6, Article n° 26094, 2016. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
MORTES por gripe H1N1 na região têm 33% de vítimas fora do grupo de risco. G1 Campinas e Região. May 13, 2016. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
MUNIZ, B.; FONSECA, B.; PINA, R. Em duas semanas, número de negros mortos por coronavírus é cinco vezes maior no Brasil. Pública. May 6, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 26, 2020.
NATARAJAN, S. and NASIRIPOUR, S. Viral Tweet About Apple Card Leads to Goldman Sachs Probe. Bloomberg. November 9, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
NEGROS enfrentam índices alarmantes de contaminação pelo coronavírus nos EUA. Folha de S.Paulo. April 8, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 4, 2020.
OBERMEYER, Z.; POWERS, B.; VOGELI, C.; MULLAINATHAN, S. Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations. Science. October 25, 2019. Vol. 366, Issue 6464, p. 447-453. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
PAUL, K. Healthcare algorithm used across America has dramatic racial biases. The Guardian. October 25, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
PITOMBO, J.; BARBON, J. et al. Mesmo com novos leitos para Covid-19, UTIs brasileiras têm alta taxa de ocupação. Folha de S.Paulo. April 28, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 4, 2020.
RACHE, B.; ROCHA, R. et al. Necessidades de Infraestrutura do SUS em Preparo à COVID-19: Leitos de UTI, Respiradores e Ocupação Hospitalar. Instituto de Estudos para Políticas de Saúde. Nota Técnica n° 3. March 2020. Available at: . Access: May 5, 2020.
RAJKOMAR, A.; OREN, E.; CHEN, K. et al. Scalable and accurate deep learning with electronic health records. npj Digital Medicine 1, Article n° 18, 2018. Available at: . Access: May 4, 2020.
RUPRECHT, T. Hospitais de campanha: como vão funcionar e por que são tão importantes. Saúde. April 9, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 5, 2020.
SCHAUER, F. Profiles, Probabilities, and Stereotypes. Belknapp Press. April, 2016.
SILVERSTEIN, J. Being Black in America Is a Health Risk. It's Time for Reparations. Vice. June 19, 2019. Available at: . Access: May 4, 2020.
SINHORETTO, J. et al. A filtragem racial na seleção policial de suspeitos: segurança pública e relações raciais. In: LIMA, C.; BAPTISTA, G. and FIGUEIREDO, I. (org.). Segurança Pública e Direitos Humanos: Temas Transversais. Coleção Pensando a Segurança Pública. Volume 5. Brasília: Ministério da Justiça, 2014.
STATE V. LOOMIS, 881 N.W.2d 749 (Wis. 2016). Harvard Law Review. Volume 130, March 10, 2017. p. 1530-1537. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
TUSHNET, M. The issue of state action/horizontal effect in comparative constitutional law. International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 1, Issue 1, January 2003. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
UNITED NATIONS. Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 23 March 2017. April 7, 2017. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
WACHTER, S.; MITTELSTADT, B. and RUSSELL, C. Why Fairness Cannot Be Automated: Bridging the Gap Between EU Non-Discrimination Law and AI. March 3, 2020. Available at . Access: May 1, 2020.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Situation updates - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. March 11, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 1, 2020.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 13 April 2020. April 13, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. WHO Health Emergency Dashboard. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION’S REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EUROPE. Statement – Older people are at highest risk from COVID-19, but all must act to prevent community spread. Copenhagen, April 2, 2020. Available at: . Access: May 3, 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5102/rbpp.v11i1.6784
ISSN 2179-8338 (impresso) - ISSN 2236-1677 (on-line)